๐ค Authors: Yasuharu Tabara, Takeshi Matsumoto, Kimihiko Murase, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Kazuya Setoh, Tomoko Wakamura, Toyohiro Hirai, Kazuo Chin, Fumihiko Matsuda
Descriptive Epidemiology and Prognostic Significance of Diaphragm Thickness in the General Population: The Nagahama Study.
Diaphragm thickness is a potential marker of sarcopenia in addition to muscle mass and strength at extremities. We aimed to clarify the descriptive epidemiology and prognostic significance of diaphragm thickness in the general population.
The study participants were 3324 community residents (mean age: 61.4โยฑโ12.8โyears) who participated in a longitudinal cohort study. Clinical parameters were obtained during the follow-up survey of the study population.
Diaphragm thickness was measured from B-mode ultrasound images obtained in a supine position. Clinical and physical factors independently associated with diaphragm thickness were assessed by a linear regression model and a causal mediation analysis.
All-cause mortality was determined by reviewing residential registry records. Prognostic significance of diaphragm thickness for all-cause mortality was examined using a Cox proportional hazard model analysis.
Diaphragm thickness was greater in men than women (end-expiration, ฮฒโ=โ0.161, pโ<โ0.001; end-inspiration, ฮฒโ=โ0.156, pโ<โ0.001) and associated with waist circumference (end-expiration, ฮฒโ=โ0.259, pโ<โ0.001; end-inspiration, ฮฒโ=โ0.128, pโ<โ0.001). Handgrip strength, smoking habit, insulin resistance and exercise habit were not associated with diaphragm thickness.
Skeletal muscle mass index showed apparent association with diaphragm thickness, though this association was not observed after adjusting for waist circumference. Over a mean follow-up of 1686โdays (15โ358 person-years), there were 56 cases of all-cause mortality.
Weak handgrip strength (hazard ratioโ=โ0.95, pโ=โ0.044) and low forced vital capacity (hazard ratioโ=โ0.57, pโ=โ0.045) were associated with all-cause mortality, though none of the diaphragm thickness parameters showed a significant association (thickness at end-expiration, pโ=โ0.722; thickness at end-inspiration, pโ=โ0.277; thickening fraction, pโ=โ0.219). Waist circumference but not parameters of sarcopenia was independently associated with diaphragm thickness.
Diaphragm thickness was not associated with all-cause mortality. Diaphragm thickness may not be a marker of systemic sarcopenia.
