Staying informed on the latest in cachexia, sarcopenia, and wasting disorders research is essential yet challenging. The SCWD Digest offers concise updates and expert insights into significant studies and developments. We highlight and link directly to leading research, making it easier for healthcare professionals to access and apply groundbreaking findings. Our goal: empower the medical community to advance patient care worldwide efficiently.
Cachexia is a debilitating wasting syndrome and highly prevalent comorbidity in cancer patients. It manifests especially with energy and mitochondrial metabolism aberrations that promote tissue wasting. We recently identified nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) loss to associate with muscle mitochondrial dysfunction...
This study investigates multimodal interventions for older adults with frailty and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), focusing on the effects of physical, nutritional, and educational strategies on improving functional performance. Involving 843 individuals aged 70+, findings highlight improved mobility, especially gait speed, linked to adherence and baseline health. Published in 'Age and Ageing', the research by Alvarez-Bustos A, Laosa O, Marzetti E, et al., emphasizes tailored interventions' importance for T2DM and frailty in the elderly.
This research uncovers the clinical significance of the C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index (CTI) in predicting survival outcomes in cancer cachexia (CC). Demonstrating superior predictive accuracy over CRP or TyG indices alone, the study reveals CTI's correlation with increased mortality risks and its potential to refine patient management strategies in CC. Published in 'Cancer and Metabolism', January 2024, by Ruan GT, Deng L, Xie HL, et al., this work highlights CTI's pivotal role in enhancing prognosis and guiding treatment in CC.
This comprehensive review sheds light on cancer cachexia (CC), a significant condition marked by muscle wasting in cancer patients, emphasizing its molecular mechanisms and potential treatments. Highlighting the challenge CC presents, especially in older individuals, the article discusses the multifaceted approach needed to combat this syndrome.
Holistic multimodal care for cancer cachexia emphasizes integrating medical, nutritional, and emotional support, aiming to improve life quality for patients and caregivers.
๐ฐ Journal: Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing
Sarcopenia is known to be negatively associated with quality of life in affected patients. However, the individual impacts of its metrics, i.e. muscle mass, strength, and physical performance, on patientsโ overall quality of life remain to be thoroughly investigated.
This pre-printed study aimed to characterise the associations between sarcopenia metrics and quality of life outcomes in community-dwelling older adults from the SOMMA (Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging) study. Health-related quality of life was ascertained using the EQ-5D questionnaire, which measures 5 subcomponents: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain and discomfort, as well as anxiety and depression.
Cancer cachexia is a systemic inflammation disorder associated with muscle wasting. P-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule that can be released from activated endothelial cells and platelets. It has been noted that P-selectin expression is elevated in cancer patients withโฆ
Sarcopenia (muscle wasting) is common in people with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sarcopenia is associated with poor clinical outcomes in HCC patients,ย such as shorter survival and side effects of treatment. There is no specific drug for sarcopenia,ย but multimodal therapy and interdisciplinaryโฆ
Sarcopenia is characterised by age-related reductions in skeletal muscle strength, mass, and functional ability. Importantly, sarcopenia is a multifactorial condition associated with metabolic alterations, including poor glucose disposal, insulin resistance, decreased metabolic rate and, thus, type 2 diabetes (T2D). Developing non-pharmaceutical guidelines for the prevention and treatment of both diseases when they coexist is essential to optimise patient health and reduce premature mortality within this patient population.
This review aimed to examine 1) the pathophysiological link between sarcopenia and T2D, and 2) lifestyle interventions with the potential to mitigate both sarcopenia and T2D.
๐ฐ Journal: Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 2023
It is known that one in five adults with pre-frailty progresses to frailty over a 3-year period. Low protein and energy intake, increased prevalence of multimorbidity, and a sedentary lifestyle are well-characterised drivers of sarcopenia. Consequently, they act as catalysts of older adultsโ transition to frailty. In this vein, stimulating increased muscle protein synthesis through regular physical exercise and protein-enriched diet consumption is pivotal for pre-frail older adults. Current U.S. Food and Nutrition Board guidelines recommend a dietary allowance of 0.8 g/kg of protein per day for older adults. However, this amount may be insufficient for those with pre-frailty due to their low-grade inflammation, multimorbidity, and increased susceptibility to anabolic resistance.
This study aimed to examine the impact of leucine-enriched protein supplementation with or without exercise on 1) physical function, 2) body composition, and 3) systemic inflammation in pre-frail older adults with a daily protein consumption of โค1 g/kg.
Ageing is often associated with appetite reduction and ensuing weight loss. Although it is known that physical activity (PA) can prevent these ageing-related processes, the exact molecular mechanisms underpinning this ability remain unknown. Recent research has highlighted the role of exerkines, i.e. proteins released during and after PA, in controlling energy metabolism. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a stress-signalling cytokine secreted during PA and involved in ageing, exercise, and appetite control, has emerged as a potential mediator of late-life, ageing-related weight loss.
This study aimed to explore the associations between PA, GDF-15, and body weight changes in older adults enrolled in the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial over a 3-year period.
๐ฐ Journal: Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
Pfizer is now accepting applications for its grant program focused on cachexia research. Learn more about this funding opportunity and how it aims to improve patient outcomes by advancing knowledge in this life-threatening metabolic condition.
๐ฐ Journal: Pfizer's Grant Program Offers Funding for Cachexia Research
This study investigates the connection between sarcopenia and age-related spinal deformities, focusing on lumbar paravertebral muscles (PVM) quality and volume. Results show that sarcopenic patients have higher ectopic fat infiltration in PVM, contributing to spinal deformities, highlighting the importance of understanding and addressing sarcopenia in relation to spinal health.
This systematic literature review highlights the underrecognition of appetite loss in older adults and its association with malnutrition and mortality. The study underscores the urgent need for standardized screening and comprehensive guidelines to improve the assessment and management of appetite loss in this population.
๐ฐ Journal: Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 2023
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