Desensitizing Effect of Intra-Tumoral GDF-15 on Immunotherapy in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cellย Lung Cancer.
Serum growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) suppresses anti-tumor immunity and predicts prognosis in several malignancies. Elevated GDF-15 levels are linked to cancer cachexia, characterized by weight loss and systemic inflammation, adversely affecting patient outcomes and therapy response. However, serum GDF-15 is...