GFRAL-Fc disarms GDF15 to reprogram tumor immunity and amplify PD-1 efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma.
BACKGROUND
Checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, yet their efficacy remains limited in advanced stages, with suboptimal objective response rates. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a dual-functional cytokine implicated in tumor progression and immunosuppression, represents a promising therapeutic target....
